Description
White, pink or purple primrose flowers in early summer whorl around the leafless stem ending in a many-flowered clump on top. Basal mound of crinkled foliage.
Primula japonica Japanese primrose, Candelabra primrose in Japan called Kurin-sou Z 4-8
$9.25/barerootprimrose flowers in early summer whorl around the leafless stem
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Size: 12” x 12”
Care: sun in north to shade in south, moist well-drained soil. Drought tolerant once established
Native: No. Europe - Siberia
Awards: Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit, Elisabeth Carey Miller Botanical Garden Great Plant PicksIntroduced to gardens before 1629. Parkinson called it “Blew Everlasting Pease.”
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Violet racemes all summer July to September
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Native: Southern EuropeBoth the Latin and common names are related to flax. Linaria comes from “linum” which is Greek for “flax” and toadflax includes the word “flax.” The leaves of Linaria purpurea resemble flax leaves. According to 17th century English herbalist, John Parkinson, the plant “causes one to make water.” Grown by Tradescant the Elder, 1634. American garden cultivation since 1800’s.
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Penstemon hirsutus Downy penstemon Z. 3-9
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Size: 20-30” x 12-24”
Care: sun in well-drained soil
Native: northeast North America
Wildlife Value: attracts Baltimore butterflyPenstemon is named for its five stamens, penta meaning “five” and stemon meaning “stamen” in Greek. Penstemons are “handsome and deserving,” Bailey. P. hirsutus sent from America to England in 1758.
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Centranthus ruber Jupiter’s beard, red valerian, Pretty Betsy Z 5-8
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Cluster of crimson, star-shaped florets atop 2’ stems bloom their heads of ALL summer into fall.
Size: 24-36”x 12”
Care: Sun in well-drained alkaline soil, drought tolerant
Native: Mediterranean
Wildlife Value: attracts butterflies, bees and hover flies.Centranthus is from the Greek meaning “spurred flower.” According to Culpepper, an English herbalist from the early 1600’s, this plant comforts the heart and stirs up lust. Parkinson, in 1629 describes it “of a fine red colour, very pleasant to behold.”
