Clematis fremontii Fremont’s leatherflower Z 4-7

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  Size: 4-6” x 20”
  Care: full sun-part shade in moist well-drained soil
  Native: Northern Yugoslavia
  Awards: England’s Royal Horticultural Society Award of Merit. Top rated for ornamental traits and landscape performance by the Chicago Botanic Garden & Elisabeth Carey Miller Botanical Garden Great Plant Pick.

  Campanula is Latin meaning “little bell.”  This species named for one of its discoverers, Franz Edler von Portenschlag-Ledermayer (1772-1822). 1^st described in Systema Vegetabilium 5: 93 in 1819

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  Both the Latin and common names are related to flax.  Linaria comes from “linum” which is Greek for “flax” and toadflax includes the word “flax.”  The leaves of Linaria purpurea resemble flax leaves.  According to 17^th century English herbalist, John Parkinson, the plant “causes one to make water.”  Grown by Tradescant the Elder, 1634.  American garden cultivation since 1800’s.

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  Giant profusion of white flowers from late May to June

  Size: 7-8’ x 5’
  Care: full sun in well-drained soil
  Native: Caucasus

  First collected before 1863.  ”This is a stately and noble plant, with large heart shaped leaves.  The loose flower-heads, which are often 6 feet in height, and nearly as much through, are composed of myriads of small white flowers, which at a distance may be likened to a giant specimen of Gypsophila; it blooms during June and July.”  H.H. Thomas 1915.

• Sempervivum tectorum Hens and chicks Z 3-10

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  Size: 4” x 4”
  Care: sun in well-drained to moist well-drained soil
  Native: Alps & Pyrenees Mountains

  Grown in gardens for thousands of years.  Sempervivum means “live forever.”  Romans planted Hens and chicks on their roofs to ward off lightning.  As a succulent it holds water and is probably more difficult to catch fire.  “This practice was preserved for historians when Charlemagne (720-814), first Holy Roman Emperor and unifier of a large part of northern Europe, ordered that all villagers within his crown lands plant houseleeks on their roofs, presumably as a safety measure. He decreed: Et ille hortulanus habeat super domum suam Iovis barbam. (And the gardener shall have house-leeks growing on his house. Capitulare de villis, about 795,  LXX.)”