Clematis Ernest Markham Z 4-10

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• Amsonia hubrichtii Thread leaf amsonia Z 5-8

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  Amsonia hubrichtii  Thread leaf amsonia  Z 5-8
  An erect, clump-forming plant that is primarily grown for its blue spring flowers, feathery green summer foliage and golden fall color.  Powdery blue, 1/2″ star-like flowers appear in late spring atop stems rising to 3′ tall.

  Size: 2-3’ x 2-3’
  Care: full sun to part shade in well-drained soil
  Native: Ouachita Mountains in central Arkansas.

  First recorded in the 1770s as A. angustifolia, but later named Hubricht’s Amsonia, after Leslie Hubricht, an American biologist who re-discovered it in the 1940s.

• Linaria purpurea Purple toadflax Z 5-9

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  Violet racemes all summer July to September

  Size: 36” x 12”
  Care: Sun, well-drained soil
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  Both the Latin and common names are related to flax.  Linaria comes from “linum” which is Greek for “flax” and toadflax includes the word “flax.”  The leaves of Linaria purpurea resemble flax leaves.  According to 17^th century English herbalist, John Parkinson, the plant “causes one to make water.”  Grown by Tradescant the Elder, 1634.   American garden cultivation since 1800’s.

• Helleborus niger Christmas rose, Black hellebore Z 5-8 POISON

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  Helleborus niger  Christmas rose, Black hellebore   Z 5-8  POISON
  Outfacing, white, waxy cup-shaped flowers resembling single roses in late winter, evergreen leaves.

  Size: 12-20” x 12”
  Care: part shade in moist well-drained soil Native: rocky places in Europe
  Awards: Received Royal Horticultural Society Award of Merit.

  The name Helleborus is Greek from hellein meaning “to kill” and bora meaning “food” referring to the plant’s poisonous qualities if placed in food.  This species is ancient – known as long ago as 300 BC in Greece where it “purged and cured the mad or melancholicke daughters of Praetus with the roots thereof.” (Parkinson, 1629) Grown in the Eichstätt Garden, the garden of Johann Konrad von Gemmingen, prince bishop of Eichstätt in Bavaria, c. 1600.  In Middle Ages petals thrown on floor to drive out evil and ward off power of witches.  Gerard recommended it for curing poisoned animals. Sorcerers made themselves invisible by tossing the powdered plant in the air.  The German name of Schneerose (snow rose) is perhaps more appropriate.

• Lilium superbum Meadow lily Z 4-8

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  Briliant orange with purple spots, turks-cap type lily blooming in late summer to early fall

  Size: 10’ x 12”
  Care: shade to sun in moist, acidic soil
  Native: from VT to Fl & west to Mississippi River, incl. Wisconsin

  Lilium was named for the Greek word for smooth, polished referring to its leaves Collected before 1762. Sold in America’s 1^st plant catalog, Bartram’s Broadside, 1783. L.H. Bailey (1913): “The most magnificent and showy of native North American species, well worthy of extensive cultivation.”